| 翻訳と辞書 |
| failure to refer ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
failure to refer
Failure to refer, also reference failure or failure of reference, is the concept that names can fail to name a real object. According to Bertrand Russell's theory of truth, there is only one actual world, and a statement's truth value depends on whether the statement obtains in the actual world. Continuing the tradition of Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell posited that a name picks out, or refers to, a real object in the world (Russell's Correspondence theory of truth). The name ''Genghis Khan'' thus picks out the 12th and 13th century Mongol leader we know by that name. Any sentence in which we attach a predicate to the name ''Genghis Khan'' is true if the predicate obtained in the actual world. Any sentence in which the predicate does not obtain for Genghis Khan is false. The Wikipedia statement “''Genghis Khan founded the largest contiguous empire in world history''” is thus true, and the statement “''Genghis Khan was one of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London''” is false. As an example for a name that fails to refer to a real object, Russell used “''the present king of France''“ in a 1905 article.
== Distinguishing between fictional statements and false statements ==
According to the Russellian theory of reference, the statement “Long John Silver has a wooden leg” and the statement “Earth's moon has a diameter of 2856 kilometers” are equally false. The first statement suffers reference failure, because it fails to pick out an individual in the actual world. The second sentence refers to an object in the actual world, but the predicate does not obtain in the actual world. Russell's theory thus does not assign different truth-values to the two statements.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「failure to refer」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|